Saturday, March 13, 2004
Does anyone have figures showing prices per year in photovoltaic and wind power?
(partial answers: state chart on tax aspects)
http://www.eia.doe.gov/cneaf/solar.renewables/page/solarphotv/photovoltaics2.gif
http://www.eere.energy.gov/greenpower/mkt_summ.shtml
The UK has an offshore wind potential equal to three times its electricity demand.
For example, the price of energy from Vindeby is 0.59DKK/kWh or about 5.14p/kWh.
This compares with 0.37DKK/kWh or about 3.22p/kWh from a Danish onshore windfarm.
To compare these costs, a new coal fired plant built now, assuming a 10% cost of capital, would cost between 4.6 - 5.1 p/kWh. New nuclear PWRs are 4.2 - 6.6p/kWh. New CCGT are 2.4 - 2.8 p/kWh. These figures do not include external costs associated with conventional generation, which have been estimated to add a further 0.42, 0.175 and 0.056 p/kWh to coal, nuclear and gas respectively.
Energy Balance of Offshore Wind Turbines
The Danish Wind Turbine Manufacturers Association have calculated that an offshore wind turbine can recover all the energy used in its manufacture, transport, installation, operation, maintenance over its lifetime and then decommissioning and recovery of materials about 3 months. They also calculate that during its lifetime the turbine will generate over 100 times the energy spent on it in these operations.
As late as 1850, 90% of the power used in Dutch industry came from the wind. In the United States 77 firms were manufacturing farm windmills in one form or another in the late 19th century. Catalogues of the day bristled with choices.
Today more than 1 million American farm windmills are still in use worldwide.
Though small wind turbines, such as the 10,000 micro turbines China churns out each year, produce little electricity in absolute terms, these machines furnish important services. One kilowatt-hour of electricity provides 10 times more services in India than it does in the state of Indiana. Two 10-kilowatt wind turbines, which would supply only two homes with electric heat in the United States, can pump safe drinking water for 4000 people in Morocco.
The installed price for new medium-sized wind turbines has plunged from US$4,000 per kilowatt in 1980 to US$1,250 today. The resulting cost of energy has slid from more than US$0.40 per kilowatt-hour in the early 1980s to as low as US$0.06 per kilowatt-hour today under ideal conditions--a price well within striking distance of conventional fuels.
throwing money at it:
gas cheaper
http://quote.bloomberg.com/apps/news?pid=nifea&&sid=akd3Lss8Xvbk
General Electric, Warren Buffett, Farmers Invest in Wind Power
Feb. 27 (Bloomberg) -- Corn and soybean farmer Roger Kas steps off his red Massey Ferguson combine and gazes over his 1,800 acres, focusing on his newest crop: windmills.
With corn prices 44 percent less than the 1996 peak, Kas would have to take out bigger loans to buy seeds without the $30,000 he earns from the two white metal poles topped with spinning blades that hum 20 stories overhead.
``We're looking at wind like just another cash crop,'' said Kas, a third-generation farmer in Pipestone, Minnesota. He sells as much as 1.5 megawatts of electricity -- enough to power about 1,200 homes -- from the two 750-kilowatt, NEG Micon A/S wind- power generators to local utility Xcel Energy Inc.
Farmers trying to make up for lower crop prices are joining such investors in wind power as Warren Buffett and General Electric Co., the biggest company by market value. Stocks of the three biggest publicly traded wind-turbine makers, NEG Micon and Vestas Wind Systems A/S of Denmark and Spain's Gamesa Corporacion Tecnologica SA, more than doubled on average in the past year as governments tightened emission rules.
Worldwide wind-turbine sales exceeded $7 billion in 2003 and may double in the next three years as U.S. government subsidies draw farmers and power companies, the American Wind Energy Association trade group said. The latest equipment generates about 10 times more energy than in the early 1990s, making wind the cheapest renewable power source.
Federal and state tax incentives trim the cost of wind power to about 3 cents per kilowatt-hour, while natural gas-fired generation has tripled to 5 cents per kilowatt-hour in the past 5 years. North American gas demand is set to surpass supplies as soon as 2006.
Sales Rise
``Wind has become less of a scientific project and more of an energy source,'' said Steve Zwolinski, president of GE Wind Energy. The unit of General Electric makes 1,000 turbines a year after buying Enron Corp.'s wind-generation business in 2002 for $328 million. ``We see a very strong market for the next decade'' as oil costs rise, he said.
Only about 14 percent of the contiguous U.S. has wind capable of making the turbines profitable, excluding unsuitable sites such as cities and national parks, the U.S. Energy Department said. Wind generates 0.7 percent of U.S. power. To provide 20 percent of the nation's electricity would require wind turbines covering about 0.6 percent of those 48 states. As a result, wind-power companies are turning to farmers for land.
(partial answers: state chart on tax aspects)
http://www.eia.doe.gov/cneaf/solar.renewables/page/solarphotv/photovoltaics2.gif
http://www.eere.energy.gov/greenpower/mkt_summ.shtml
The UK has an offshore wind potential equal to three times its electricity demand.
For example, the price of energy from Vindeby is 0.59DKK/kWh or about 5.14p/kWh.
This compares with 0.37DKK/kWh or about 3.22p/kWh from a Danish onshore windfarm.
To compare these costs, a new coal fired plant built now, assuming a 10% cost of capital, would cost between 4.6 - 5.1 p/kWh. New nuclear PWRs are 4.2 - 6.6p/kWh. New CCGT are 2.4 - 2.8 p/kWh. These figures do not include external costs associated with conventional generation, which have been estimated to add a further 0.42, 0.175 and 0.056 p/kWh to coal, nuclear and gas respectively.
Energy Balance of Offshore Wind Turbines
The Danish Wind Turbine Manufacturers Association have calculated that an offshore wind turbine can recover all the energy used in its manufacture, transport, installation, operation, maintenance over its lifetime and then decommissioning and recovery of materials about 3 months. They also calculate that during its lifetime the turbine will generate over 100 times the energy spent on it in these operations.
As late as 1850, 90% of the power used in Dutch industry came from the wind. In the United States 77 firms were manufacturing farm windmills in one form or another in the late 19th century. Catalogues of the day bristled with choices.
Today more than 1 million American farm windmills are still in use worldwide.
Though small wind turbines, such as the 10,000 micro turbines China churns out each year, produce little electricity in absolute terms, these machines furnish important services. One kilowatt-hour of electricity provides 10 times more services in India than it does in the state of Indiana. Two 10-kilowatt wind turbines, which would supply only two homes with electric heat in the United States, can pump safe drinking water for 4000 people in Morocco.
The installed price for new medium-sized wind turbines has plunged from US$4,000 per kilowatt in 1980 to US$1,250 today. The resulting cost of energy has slid from more than US$0.40 per kilowatt-hour in the early 1980s to as low as US$0.06 per kilowatt-hour today under ideal conditions--a price well within striking distance of conventional fuels.
throwing money at it:
gas cheaper
http://quote.bloomberg.com/apps/news?pid=nifea&&sid=akd3Lss8Xvbk
General Electric, Warren Buffett, Farmers Invest in Wind Power
Feb. 27 (Bloomberg) -- Corn and soybean farmer Roger Kas steps off his red Massey Ferguson combine and gazes over his 1,800 acres, focusing on his newest crop: windmills.
With corn prices 44 percent less than the 1996 peak, Kas would have to take out bigger loans to buy seeds without the $30,000 he earns from the two white metal poles topped with spinning blades that hum 20 stories overhead.
``We're looking at wind like just another cash crop,'' said Kas, a third-generation farmer in Pipestone, Minnesota. He sells as much as 1.5 megawatts of electricity -- enough to power about 1,200 homes -- from the two 750-kilowatt, NEG Micon A/S wind- power generators to local utility Xcel Energy Inc.
Farmers trying to make up for lower crop prices are joining such investors in wind power as Warren Buffett and General Electric Co., the biggest company by market value. Stocks of the three biggest publicly traded wind-turbine makers, NEG Micon and Vestas Wind Systems A/S of Denmark and Spain's Gamesa Corporacion Tecnologica SA, more than doubled on average in the past year as governments tightened emission rules.
Worldwide wind-turbine sales exceeded $7 billion in 2003 and may double in the next three years as U.S. government subsidies draw farmers and power companies, the American Wind Energy Association trade group said. The latest equipment generates about 10 times more energy than in the early 1990s, making wind the cheapest renewable power source.
Federal and state tax incentives trim the cost of wind power to about 3 cents per kilowatt-hour, while natural gas-fired generation has tripled to 5 cents per kilowatt-hour in the past 5 years. North American gas demand is set to surpass supplies as soon as 2006.
Sales Rise
``Wind has become less of a scientific project and more of an energy source,'' said Steve Zwolinski, president of GE Wind Energy. The unit of General Electric makes 1,000 turbines a year after buying Enron Corp.'s wind-generation business in 2002 for $328 million. ``We see a very strong market for the next decade'' as oil costs rise, he said.
Only about 14 percent of the contiguous U.S. has wind capable of making the turbines profitable, excluding unsuitable sites such as cities and national parks, the U.S. Energy Department said. Wind generates 0.7 percent of U.S. power. To provide 20 percent of the nation's electricity would require wind turbines covering about 0.6 percent of those 48 states. As a result, wind-power companies are turning to farmers for land.
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